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DSA Mastery Roadmap (2025)

Level 0: Pre-Requisites

Foundation Level

Build strong foundation in programming and basic math concepts

Programming Fundamentals

  1. 1. Variables, data types, loops, conditionals
  2. 2. Functions and recursion basics
  3. 3. Input/output operations
  4. 4. Choose one language: C++, Java, or Python

Mathematical Foundations

  1. 1. Time complexity basics (Big O notation)
  2. 2. Logarithms, factorials, permutations, combinations
  3. 3. Modular arithmetic fundamentals
  4. 4. Basic bit manipulation operations

Resources

  1. 1. GeeksforGeeks - C++ Basics
  2. 2. Python Official Documentation
  3. 3. Mathematics for CP (Codeforces Wiki)
Level 0
Level 1
Level 1: Beginner DSA

Beginner Level

Understanding basic data structures and algorithms with small problems

Core Data Structures

  1. 1. Arrays & Strings: traversal, insertion, deletion
  2. 2. Two-pointer techniques and sliding window
  3. 3. Linked Lists: singly, doubly, circular operations
  4. 4. Stacks & Queues: basic operations and applications

Basic Algorithms

  1. 1. Recursion: factorial, Fibonacci sequences
  2. 2. Simple backtracking problems
  3. 3. Basic tree traversal methods
  4. 4. Complexity analysis: O(1), O(n), O(nĀ²)

Practice Projects

  1. 1. Reverse a string/array implementation
  2. 2. Build stack & queue from scratch
  3. 3. Simple calculator using stack
  4. 4. Basic linked list operations
Level 1
Level 2
Level 2: Intermediate DSA

Intermediate Level

Handle medium difficulty problems with advanced data structures

Advanced Data Structures

  1. 1. Hashing & Maps: hash tables, frequency counting
  2. 2. Binary Trees: traversals (inorder, preorder, postorder)
  3. 3. Tree properties: height, size, diameter, LCA
  4. 4. Heaps & Priority Queues: MinHeap, MaxHeap operations

Core Algorithms

  1. 1. Binary Search: sorted arrays, rotated arrays
  2. 2. Binary search on answer technique
  3. 3. Sorting Algorithms: Merge Sort, Quick Sort, Heap Sort
  4. 4. Advanced Recursion & Backtracking: subsets, permutations

Practice Projects

  1. 1. Task scheduler using priority queue
  2. 2. Median of data stream using heaps
  3. 3. Sudoku solver with backtracking
  4. 4. Element frequency counter with hashing
Level 2
Level 3
Level 3: Advanced DSA

Advanced Level

Master hard problems and prepare for competitive programming

Graph Algorithms

  1. 1. Graph representation: adjacency list/matrix
  2. 2. BFS, DFS traversal algorithms
  3. 3. Shortest paths: Dijkstra, Bellman-Ford, Floyd-Warshall
  4. 4. Minimum Spanning Tree: Kruskal, Prim algorithms

Advanced Trees & DP

  1. 1. Segment Tree, Fenwick Tree (Binary Indexed Tree)
  2. 2. Trie, Suffix Trie implementations
  3. 3. Dynamic Programming: 1D & 2D, Knapsack variations
  4. 4. DP on trees and advanced DP techniques

String & Greedy Algorithms

  1. 1. String matching: KMP, Rabin-Karp algorithms
  2. 2. Greedy algorithms: interval scheduling, activity selection
  3. 3. Advanced graph: topological sorting, strongly connected components
  4. 4. Pattern matching with Trie-based searches
Level 3
Level 4
Level 4: Industry & Competitive Mastery

Expert Level

Focus on optimization, real-world problems, and competitive programming

Advanced Algorithms

  1. 1. Network flow: Ford-Fulkerson, Edmonds-Karp
  2. 2. Advanced DP: Bitmask DP, DP on trees and DAGs
  3. 3. Mathematical algorithms: number theory, combinatorics
  4. 4. Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) for advanced problems

Optimization & Parallel Processing

  1. 1. Convex hull trick and optimization techniques
  2. 2. Multi-threaded problem solving approaches
  3. 3. Divide & conquer optimization strategies
  4. 4. Graph coloring and bipartite matching

Interview Preparation

  1. 1. System design basics with DSA applications
  2. 2. FAANG-level coding interview challenges
  3. 3. Real-world problem solving techniques
  4. 4. Competitive programming contest strategies
Level 4
Level 5
Level 5: Mastery & Real Applications

Industry-Ready Level

Apply DSA in real software development and system design

Backend & Systems Applications

  1. 1. Efficient database queries using B-trees and hashing
  2. 2. Caching algorithms implementation (LRU cache)
  3. 3. Load balancing with priority queues and graphs
  4. 4. Database indexing and query optimization

AI & Web Applications

  1. 1. Pathfinding algorithms for AI systems
  2. 2. Data preprocessing with heaps and hash maps
  3. 3. Autocomplete and search optimization techniques
  4. 4. Recommendation systems using graph algorithms

Open Source Contributions

  1. 1. Contribute to competitive programming libraries
  2. 2. Open-source algorithm implementations
  3. 3. Build and maintain DSA educational resources
  4. 4. Create performance benchmarking tools

šŸŽ‰ Congratulations! You've Mastered DSA!

You've completed the DSA Mastery Roadmap and are now ready for competitive programming and technical interviews at top companies.

šŸš€ Tips for Success

ā€¢ Start small, gradually increase difficulty

ā€¢ Write code by hand to improve memory

ā€¢ Participate in contests regularly

ā€¢ Time yourself - crucial for interviews

ā€¢ Maintain a DSA problem journal

ā€¢ Solve 1-2 problems daily consistently

šŸ† Recommended Practice Platforms

LeetCode

Interview Prep

Codeforces

Competitive

HackerRank

Skills Practice

CSES

Problem Set