Cybersecurity Mastery Roadmap(2025 Edition)
Phase 1: Foundations
Beginner Level (0-3 months)
Understanding core IT and security basics for cybersecurity foundation
Basic Computer Networking
- 1. TCP/IP Protocol Suite → Understanding network layers and communication
- 2. DNS (Domain Name System) → Name resolution and security implications
- 3. HTTP/HTTPS → Web protocols and encryption transport security
- 4. DHCP → Dynamic host configuration and network assignment
Operating Systems Fundamentals
- 1. Windows Administration → User management, services, registry basics
- 2. Linux Basics → Command line, file systems, permissions, processes
- 3. Computer Hardware → CPU, memory, storage, network components
- 4. Virtualization → VirtualBox, VMware for lab environments
Cybersecurity Core Concepts
- 1. CIA Triad → Confidentiality, Integrity, Availability principles
- 2. Threat vs Vulnerability → Risk assessment and attack vectors
- 3. Malware Types → Viruses, trojans, ransomware, rootkits, spyware
- 4. Cyber Hygiene → Password security, updates, backups, antivirus
Basic Scripting & Tools
- 1. Python Scripting → Automation, network tools, security scripts
- 2. Bash Scripting → Linux automation and system administration
- 3. Wireshark → Packet capture and network traffic analysis
- 4. Home Lab Setup → Kali Linux, Ubuntu, virtualized environments
Phase 1
Phase 2
Phase 2: Core Cybersecurity Knowledge
Intermediate Level (3-6 months)
Learning core security skills and understanding attack/defense techniques
Network Security
- 1. Firewalls → Packet filtering, stateful inspection, next-gen firewalls
- 2. VPNs → Site-to-site, remote access, IPSec, SSL/TLS tunneling
- 3. Proxies → Forward/reverse proxies, web application firewalls
- 4. IDS/IPS → Intrusion detection and prevention systems, signatures
System Hardening
- 1. Windows Hardening → Group policy, access controls, service configuration
- 2. Linux Hardening → File permissions, service management, kernel security
- 3. Configuration Management → Baseline configurations, compliance scanning
- 4. Patch Management → Vulnerability management and update procedures
Attack Techniques & Defense
- 1. Phishing Attacks → Email security, social engineering, user awareness
- 2. Malware Analysis → Static/dynamic analysis, sandboxing, indicators
- 3. DoS/DDoS Attacks → Traffic flooding, mitigation strategies, rate limiting
- 4. SQL Injection → Database attacks, parameterized queries, input validation
Web Security & Cryptography
- 1. OWASP Top 10 → Common web vulnerabilities and countermeasures
- 2. XSS & CSRF → Cross-site scripting and request forgery prevention
- 3. Encryption Basics → AES, RSA, hashing algorithms, digital signatures
- 4. Incident Response → Detection, containment, eradication, recovery
Phase 2
Phase 3
Phase 3: Intermediate Hands-on Skills
Advanced Level (6-12 months)
Practical attack & defense skills with scripting for automation
Advanced Network Security
- 1. Firewall Rules → Advanced filtering, NAT, port forwarding configuration
- 2. VPN Tunneling → IPSec implementation, SSL VPN deployment
- 3. Network Segmentation → VLANs, subnetting, micro-segmentation
- 4. Wireless Security → WPA3, enterprise authentication, rogue AP detection
System Administration & AD
- 1. Active Directory → Domain services, group policy, authentication
- 2. Linux Administration → Advanced permissions, SELinux, system monitoring
- 3. PowerShell Security → Execution policies, constrained language mode
- 4. Container Security → Docker hardening, Kubernetes security policies
Malware Analysis & Threat Intel
- 1. Static Analysis → File structure, strings, imports, metadata analysis
- 2. Dynamic Analysis → Behavioral analysis, network indicators, sandbox
- 3. Threat Intelligence → IOCs, threat feeds, STIX/TAXII, attribution
- 4. Forensics Tools → Autopsy, FTK Imager, volatility, timeline analysis
Penetration Testing Basics
- 1. Reconnaissance → OSINT, footprinting, enumeration techniques
- 2. Vulnerability Scanning → Nmap, OpenVAS, Nessus, result analysis
- 3. Exploitation → Metasploit framework, custom exploits, payload delivery
- 4. Post-exploitation → Privilege escalation, persistence, lateral movement
Phase 3
Phase 4
Phase 4: Advanced Specialization
Expert Level (12-18 months)
Industry-ready skills with chosen specialization focus
Red Team Operations
- 1. Advanced Penetration Testing → Custom exploits, zero-day research
- 2. Social Engineering → Phishing campaigns, physical security, OSINT
- 3. Post-exploitation → Advanced persistence, steganography, covert channels
- 4. Red Team Tools → Cobalt Strike, custom C2, living-off-the-land techniques
Blue Team Defense
- 1. Incident Response → NIST framework, playbooks, evidence collection
- 2. Digital Forensics → Memory analysis, disk imaging, network forensics
- 3. Threat Hunting → Hypothesis-driven hunting, behavioral analytics
- 4. SOC Operations → SIEM management, alert triage, case management
Cloud Security
- 1. AWS Security → IAM, CloudTrail, GuardDuty, security groups, compliance
- 2. Azure Security → Azure AD, Security Center, Key Vault, monitoring
- 3. GCP Security → Cloud IAM, Security Command Center, audit logging
- 4. Container Security → Kubernetes security, image scanning, runtime protection
Application Security
- 1. Secure SDLC → Security requirements, design review, code review
- 2. SAST/DAST → Static and dynamic application security testing
- 3. API Security → Authentication, authorization, rate limiting, fuzzing
- 4. DevSecOps → CI/CD security, infrastructure as code, policy as code
Phase 4
Phase 5
Phase 5: Industry Ready Professional
Production Level (18-24+ months)
Full-time job ready with real-world exposure and advanced skills
Security Architecture
- 1. Zero Trust Architecture → Identity verification, micro-segmentation, least privilege
- 2. Security Frameworks → NIST, ISO 27001, CIS Controls implementation
- 3. Risk Management → Risk assessment, treatment, monitoring, reporting
- 4. Business Continuity → Disaster recovery, incident response, crisis management
Advanced Threat Intelligence
- 1. Threat Modeling → STRIDE, PASTA, attack trees, risk analysis
- 2. Attribution Analysis → APT tracking, TTPs, infrastructure analysis
- 3. Threat Intelligence Platforms → MISP, OpenCTI, threat feed integration
- 4. Cyber Threat Hunting → Advanced persistent threats, behavioral analytics
Compliance & Governance
- 1. Regulatory Compliance → GDPR, HIPAA, PCI-DSS, SOX requirements
- 2. Audit Management → Internal audits, external assessments, remediation
- 3. Policy Development → Security policies, procedures, standards, guidelines
- 4. Security Metrics → KPIs, dashboards, reporting, continuous improvement
Leadership & Communication
- 1. Security Awareness → Training programs, phishing simulations, culture
- 2. Incident Communication → Stakeholder updates, breach notification, PR
- 3. Technical Leadership → Team management, project coordination, mentoring
- 4. Strategic Planning → Security roadmap, budget planning, technology evaluation
🛡️ Congratulations! You're Cybersecurity Industry Ready!
You've completed the Cybersecurity Mastery Roadmap and are now ready to protect organizations and lead security initiatives.
🎯 Final Tips to Excel in Cybersecurity
- • Participate in bug bounty programs (HackerOne, Bugcrowd) and CTF competitions
- • Contribute to open-source security tools and join communities (DEFCON, OWASP)
- • Stay updated via security blogs (Krebs, Threatpost, BleepingComputer)
- • Maintain continuous learning - cybersecurity landscape evolves rapidly
- • Build a strong professional network and consider security certifications
📚 Key Certifications by Career Path
🔴 Red Team / Offensive
- • OSCP (Offensive Security)
- • CEH (EC-Council)
- • GPEN (SANS)
- • CRTP (Altered Security)
🔵 Blue Team / Defensive
- • Security+ (CompTIA)
- • CySA+ (CompTIA)
- • GCIH (SANS)
- • GNFA (SANS)
☁️ Cloud Security
- • AWS Security Specialty
- • Azure Security Engineer
- • CCSP (ISC²)
- • Google Cloud Security